Antipsychotic Drugs work by blocking dopamine receptors, particularly D2 receptors, in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that plays a key role in psychosis. By blocking its receptors, antipsychotics reduce dopamine's excitatory effects and balance out its activity. The dopamine receptor D2 is an important mediator of neurological and behavioral functions and it is implicated in psychosis when it overstimulated. Antipsychotics decrease dopamine receptor stimulation, which in turn reduces psychotic symptoms.
In addition to blocking dopamine receptors, some antipsychotics also block serotonin receptors, histamine receptors, and alpha-adrenergic receptors. This multi-receptor action contributes to their effectiveness against psychosis as well as side effects. Newer "atypical" antipsychotics are less likely than older drugs to block dopamine and serotonin receptors, providing similar effectiveness against psychosis with a lower risk of extrapyramidal symptoms.
In Antipsychotic Drugs are indispensable in the clinical management of psychotic illnesses like schizophrenia. By blocking dopamine and other receptors, they alleviate psychotic symptoms effectively. While older antipsychotics have a higher risk of extrapyramidal side effects, the atypical antipsychotics available today treat psychosis as well with safer metabolic side effect profiles. Antipsychotics will continue to evolve with safer mechanisms as our understanding of the neurobiology of psychosis deepens further.
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